The Unix Hierarchy
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<TITLE>The Unix Hierarchy</TITLE>
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<H1>The Unix Hierarchy</H1>
<H2>beginner</H2>
<ul>
<li>insecure with the concept of a terminal
<li>has yet to learn the basics of vi
<li>has not figured out how to get a directory
<li>still has trouble with typing <RETURN> after each line of input
</ul>
<H2>novice</H2>
<ul>
<li>knows that `ls' will produce a directory
<li>uses the editor, but calls it `vye'
<li>has heard of `C' but never used it
<li>has had his first bad experience with rm
<li>is wondering how to read his mail
<li>is wondering why the person next to him seems to like Unix so very much.
</ul>
<H2>user</H2>
<ul>
<li>uses vi and nroff, but inexpertly
<li>has heard of regular-expr.s but never seen one.
<li>has figured out that `-' precedes options
<li>has attempted to write a C program and has decided to stick with pascal
<li>is wondering how to move a directory
<li>thinks that dbx is a brand of stereo component
<li>knows how to read his mail and is wondering how to read the news
</ul>
<H2>knowlegable user</H2>
<ul>
<li>uses nroff with no trouble, and is beginning to learn tbl and eqn
<li>uses grep to search for fixed strings
<li>has figured out that mv(1) will move directories
<li>has learned that "learn" doesn't help
<li>somebody has shown him how to write C programs
<li>once used sed to do some text substitution
<li>has seen dbx used but does not use it himself
<li>thinks that make is a only for wimps
</ul>
<H2>expert</H2>
<ul>
<li>uses sed when necessary
<li>uses macro's in vi, uses ex when neccesary
<li>posts news at every possible opportunity
<li>write csh scripts occasionally
<li>write C programs using vi and compiles with cc
<li>has figured out what `&&' and '||' are for
<li>thinks that human history started with '!h'
</ul>
<H2>hacker</H2>
<ul>
<li>uses sed and awk with comfort
<li>uses undocumented features of vi
<li>write C code with `cat >' and compiles with '!cc'
<li>uses adb because he doesn't trust source debuggers
<li>can answer questions about the user environment
<li>writes his own nroff macros to supplement std. ones
<li>write scripts for Bourne shell (/bin/sh)
<li>knows how to install bug fixes
</ul>
<H2>guru</H2>
<ul>
<li>uses m4 and lex with comfort
<li>writes assembly code with `cat >'
<li>uses adb on the kernel while system is loaded
<li>customizes utilities by patching the source
<li>reads device driver source with his breakfast
<li>can answer any unix question after a little thought
<li>uses make for anything that requires two or more
distinct commands to achieve
<li>has learned how to breach security but no longer needs to try
</ul>
<H2>wizard</H2>
<ul>
<li>writes device drivers with `cat >'
<li>fixes bugs by patching the binaries
<li>can answer any question before you ask
<li>writes his own troff macro packages
<li>is on first-name basis with Dennis, Bill, and Ken
</ul>
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